Showing posts with label Daniel. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Daniel. Show all posts
Sunday, February 14, 2010
Syriac Reception of Daniel
I've always been intrigued by the Syriac reception of the Book of Daniel. Sadly, I lack the linguistic expertise to be able to study the topic in any depth (I'd have to revize my Hebrew, learn Aramaic, and then learn Syriac). For instance, several Syriac commentators identify Antiochus Epiphanes IV as the wicked king of the north in Daniel 11 as opposed to the anti-Christ of traditional interpretation. Some Syriac commentators also saw the fourfold kingdoms as Babylon, Media, Persia, and Greece as opposed to the traditional Babylon, Medo-Persia, Greece, and Rome scheme. For those with a similar (if not peculiar) interest in the Syriac reception of Daniel, you can get an overview in the essay by Konrad Jenner available at Google Books. This would be a good Ph.D topic for some brave soul (and perhaps you could always learn Syriac at Tyndale House).
Tuesday, October 23, 2007
Pre-Christian Messianic Interpretation of Daniel 7
That Daniel 7.9-14 was interpreted messianically is evident from 1 Enoch and 4 Ezra. However, both of these documents (in their final form) clearly post-date 70 A.D. Is there any evidence for a pre-Christian messianic reading of Daniel 7? There probably is in the "Son of God" text from Qumran, 4Q246 2.1-10! The text reads:
"He will be called the Son of God, they will call him the son of the Most High. But like the meteors that you saw in your vision, so will be their kingdom. They will reign only a few years over the land, while people trample people and nation trample nation until the people of God arise; then all will have rest from warfare. Their kingdom will be an eternal kingdom, and all their paths will be righteous. They will judge the land justly, and all nations will make peace. Warfare will cease from teh land, and all the nations shall do obeisance to them. The great God will be their help. He Himself will fight for them, putting peoples into their power, overthrowing them all before them. God's rule will be an eternal rule and all the depth of [the earth are His]. (Trans. Wise, Abegg, Cook)".
Is this "Son of God" a self-divinized king like Antiochus Epiphanes IV, Israel, an angelic figure, or a Jewish monarch? What is interesting is that John Collins (Sceptre and the Star, pp. 163-69) opts for a messianic meaning and he says the text as indebted heavily to Daniel 7. He notes the points of comparison: (1) 2.5 with "its kingdom is an everlasting kingdom" = Dan. 3.33; 7.27; and (2) 2.9 with "his sovereignty will be an everlasting sovereignty" = Dan. 4:31; 7:14. In addition, there is, like Daniel 7, an intimate relationship between the Son of God figure and the people of God. The Son of God figure is followed by reference to transient human kingdoms and the conflict between peoples which is once more reminiscient of Daniel 7. Other texts in Qumran also given "Son" or "Son of God" a messianic meaning, e.g. 4Q174, 4Q252. Collins concludes: "The Son of God text suggests that the messianic interpretation of Daniel 7 had begun already in the Hasmonean period" (p. 167).
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