N.T. Wright's thesis that Israel was, ideologically speaking, still-in-exile has prompted much criticism and discussion. Several scholars have attempted to rearticulate or qualify Wright's exilic theology in several ways. Was Israel still-in-exile despite the fact that most of the Babylonian exiles had returned to the land? The following scholars answer "yes":
Brand Pitre: Yes, because the 10 northern tribes were still dispersed away from the land.
Michael Bird: Yes, because the promises of Isaiah 40-66 had only been partially realized.
Michael Fuller: Yes, because most Jews lived outside of Palestine.
For criticism see the pertinent works by Steven M. Bryan and F.G. Downing.
For criticism see the pertinent works by Steven M. Bryan and F.G. Downing.
